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The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation is a federally recognized confederation of three Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribes who traditionally inhabited the Columbia River Plateau region: the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla. When the leaders of the Walla Walla, Cayuse, and Umatilla peoples signed the Treaty of Walla Walla with the United States in 1855, they ceded 6.4 million acres of homeland in what is now northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington in exchange for a reservation and the promise of annuities in the form of goods and supplies. The tribes share the Reservation, which has 271.047 sq mi (702.009 km²) in Umatilla County, in central Oregon state. They have created a joint governmental structure as part of their confederation. The tribal offices are just east of Pendleton, Oregon. Almost half of the reservation land is owned by non-Indians, and the reservation includes significant portions of the Umatilla River watershed. In 2013 the three-tribe confederation numbers 2,916. Roughly half of the tribal population live on or near the reservation.〔 It is also home to about 300 Indians enrolled with other Tribes, such as the Yakama, Tenino (Warm Springs), and Nez Percé. 1,500 non-Indians also reside within the reservation boundaries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= About Us )〕 ==History== After ceding their territories, the Umatilla, Walla Walla and Cayuse relocated to what was called the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR). In exchange for ceding most of their territories, they received supplies and annuities from the federal government, which tried to encourage them to take up subsistence farming.〔("Our History" ), Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Official website〕 Many times the supplies were late in coming or were inadequate for the population. In 1887 under the Allotment Act, communal land was distributed to households. This and other legislation made it possible for the members to sell their lands, and they were preyed on by speculators and swindlers. Gradually the tribe took back communal control of its land, and has regained more than 14,000 acres of what was lost.〔 In addition, in the 20th century it pursued a major land claim case against the federal government, saying that the three tribes had traditionally controlled one million more acres of land than they had been compensated for following the 1855 treaty. The Indian Claims Commission awarded the confederated tribes several million dollars in a negotiated settlement. They used some of that money in economic development efforts, and paid per capita claims to tribal members for another part of it.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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